Table of Content

20 December 2009, Volume 30 Issue S2

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Change of the Accumulated Temperature on 0℃ Critical Temperature in Xinjiang in Last 50 years

LI Lan1,DU Jun2,BAI Su-qin1,LI Yuan-Peng1,LI Ping3(1.Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China;2.Xinjiang Lightning Protection Center,Urumqi 830002;3.Shihezi Meteorological Bureau,Shihezi 832000)

2009, 30(S2):  181-184. 

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By using systemic observation data of 88 meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1961 to 2005,several elements were analyzed,including the first and the last dates of which daily mean air temperature steadily passed 0℃,days between the first and the last dates,the spatial and temporal change of accumulate temperature.The results showed that accumulate temperature of Xinjiang and all regions had a tendency of increase,it increased 43.1℃ per decade in all regions in Xinjiang.Tacheng Basin had the highest value with 89.6℃ per decade on average.Days between the first and the last dates in all regions had a tendency of increase.The first date changes differently: it's delayed in north Xinjiang(except Yili valley),Tianshan moutain and Hami basin.It's advanced in south Xinjiang,Yili valley and Naomaohu basin,and the last data in south Xinjiang,Yili valley and Naomaohu basin tended to postpone.By analyzing the spatial and temporal change of accumulate temperature of 0℃,it not only could help to know the distribution and change of heat resource in Xinjiang,but also had important meaning for reasonably distribution of crop and developing and using climate resource.

The Climatic Change Characteristics and Analysis on Effect of Wheat Yield

SHANG Zhao-tang(Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau,Nanjing 21009,China)

2009, 30(S2):  185-188. 

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The temperature and sunshine and precipitation and wind and wheat yield of all counties in Jiangsu province are analyzed.It is shown that climatic variability annual mean temperature is 0.16～0.45℃/10 years,and the average is 0.28℃/10 years,annual total sunshine is-155.72～38.89hr/10 years,and the average is-65.37hr/10 years,annual total precipitation is-28.00～37.09mm/10 years,and the average is 5.77mm/10 years,annual mean wind speed is-0.57～-0.03 m/s per 10 years,and the average is-0.30 m/s per 10 years,rising rate of wheat is-3.00～0.98% per 10 years,and the average is-1.23% per 10 years.Whole provincial climate changes warmer and warmer,sunshine and precipitation and wheat yield increase in some area or decrease in other area,wind speed decreases.The climate and wheat yield show a regional pattern,the diversity of Sunan and Suzhong and Subei is explicit.The climatic variability of rising rate of wheat yield is not linearity relation with temperature and sunshine and precipitation sand wind speed.

The Variation of Heat Resource and Its Impacts in Wulanhaote in Last 56 Years

TANG Hong-yan1,LIANG Feng2,YAO Wen1 (1.Xing'an league Meteorological Bureau Inner Mongolia,Inner Mongolia,Wulanhaote 137400,China;2.Wulanhaote City Meteorological Bureau,Wulanhaote 137400)

2009, 30(S2):  189-192. 

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By using the data of temperature,frost-free period and the cumulative temperature of the period that temperature higher than 10℃ of Wulanhaote city during 1951-2006,the variation of heat resource in recent 56 years was analyzed.The results showed that heat resource increased,especially since 1990s.The average annual temperature and average seasonal temperature increased obviously.The growth period of crops was prolonged obviously by the increase of heat resource,which was beneficial to grow high-yielding plant in the late-maturing varieties of maize and other crops.However,the increase of heat resource exacerbated the city's high-temperature hot summer extent and increased energy consumption.

Study on Annual Variation of Soil Moisture in Liaocheng

SUN Pei-liang1,2,XU Fa-bin3,YANG Shi-en2,Liu Xu2,YANG Zhong-xu4,ZHANG Xin-hua2,FENG Cai-bo2(1.Meteorological Phenomena Science Research Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Liaocheng City,Liaocheng 252060;3.Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031;4.Liao Cheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liaocheng 252060)

2009, 30(S2):  193-195. 

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By using the soil moisture data at fix observing section in Liaocheng City from 1996 to 2006,the soil moisture annual variation was analyzed by the method of statistic chart.The results showed that the soil moisture change trends in every lever of 0-50cm were basically consistent,appearing equally for V type,and the valley floor appeared before or after the first ten-day period in June,while wave crest appeared before or after October.The results could give certain reference to reasonable arrangement of local agricultural water,saving water resources and improving water use efficiency.

Analysis on Climate Change in Jiexiu in Recent 53 Years

LU Chun-hua1,ZHAO Hai-ying1,WANG Dong2,HAN Ai-mei3,HAN Li-shuai1,GAO Run-qin4(1.Jiexiu Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Jiexiu 032000,China;2.Shanxi Taigu Meteorological Bureau,Taigu 030800;3.Shanxi Jinzhong Agriculture Bureau,Yuci 030600;4.Huozhou Agriculture Bureau,Huozhou 031400)

2009, 30(S2):  196-199. 

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According to the data of temperature,precipitation,total cloudiness,sunshine hours,smoke days,frost-free period,etc.from Jiexiu provincial meteorological bureau in Shanxi province during the period of 1954-2006,the climate change in Jiexiu city was analyzed.The results showed that the precipitation in Jiexiu decreased,the air temperature,however,increased,especially since the middle of 1990s.Both precipitation decreasing and temperature increasing were significantly higher than that of national average.The climate in jiexiu was divided into two parts since the middle of 1990s,that was,the cold stage and the warm stage.Two significant dry stages occurred in recent 53 years,the first dry stage was from the mid or late-1960s to the mid-1970s,and the second one was from the mid or late-1990s to the beginning of this century.The smoke days and the frost-free period increase,while sunshine hours decreased.

Study on the Influences and Countermeasures of Climatic Change to the Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Beijing Area

WU Chun-yan,XUAN Chun-yi,LIU Zhong-li(Beijing City Climatic Centre,Beijing 100089,China)

2009, 30(S2):  200-204. 

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Water is seriously insufficient in Beijing.Now average possession quantity of water per citizen is 300m3 in Beijing,only 4 percent of average value of the world and 16 percent of the whole China.With the development of the city,the shortage of water resources will be an obstacle of the sustainable development in Beijing.In this paper,characteristics,the status and shortcoming of water resource utilization in Beijing were analyzed,including surface water and ground water.Climate change and its influences on water resource were analyzed emphatically.In addition,demand and possible supply quantity of water resource in the future fifty years was predicted.Based on the above analyses,some meteorological countermeasures were presented to prevent the serious shortage of water resource in order to maintain its sustainable development and utilization.

Climate Resources Characteristics and the Cultivated Practice of Increase Yield of Summer Corn in the Growth Period in HuaiBei

YAO Yong-ming1,CHEN Yu-qi1,ZHANG Qi-xiang2,CHEN Ruo-li2(1.Huaibei Professional Meteorological Station,Huaibei 235000,China;2.Institute ofSuixi Agriculture Science and Technology,Suixi 235100)

2009, 30(S2):  205-209. 

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The paper aims to draw a conclusion that the climate resources in Huaibei could satisfy the needs of planting summer corns during June and September according to the analysis of the meteorological resources and the fostering characteristics of the summer corns and the increasing cultivation of the meteorological factors.Owing to the lack of rain and the change of raining frequency,it is not good for the cultivation period of the summer corns.In order to increase the yield of corns,the atmosphere of climate and ecology should be made well good use of and the increasing cultivation of meteorological factors should be well considered.The study confirmes the view that meteorology can serve to the increasing of agricultural yield,and it can provide the gridding foundation of the planting the guiding foundation of the planting distribution of the summer corns and the practical yield in this area.

Law of Autumn Continuous Precipitation Occurrence and its Influence on Autumn Harvesting and Planting in Anhui Province

CHEN Xiao-yi,MA Xiao-qun,YAO Yun(Anhui Institute of Meteorology and Sciences,Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Satellite RemoteSensing of Anhui Province,Hefei 230031,China)

2009, 30(S2):  210-214. 

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In order to evaluate the risks of autumn continuous precipitation in Anhui province objectively and accurately,the statistic characteristic quantities of autumn continuous precipitations were calculated according to different regions and different period of time by use of daily precipitation and sunshine data from September 1 to October 20 from 1966 to 2005 of 75 stations.Furthermore,the spatial-temporal variation of autumn continuous precipitation occurrence in Anhui province and its influence on autumn harvesting and planting were analyzed.The results showed that: in the period of autumn harvesting,the occurrence of continuous precipitation in mountainous area was more than those in plain,which in the south were more than those in the north.The frequency of seriously continuous precipitation year in mountainous area was larger than that in plain,which in the south was a little larger than that in the north.The frequency and higher value of primary statistic characteristic quantities presented ascend trend from year to year,especially in the zone along the Huai River and the north of the Huai River,which caused great yield reduction of autumn harvesting crop.The geographical distribution rule of each statistic characteristic quantities of continuous precipitation in the period of autumn planting was same as that in the period of autumn harvesting,while the temporal distribution rule was the opposite.The influence of continuous precipitation on autumn planting was little.

Local Climate Change and Their Impacts on Plantation in Jinzhong

CHENG Hui-yan1,MA Rong-tian1,CHEN Hong-ping1,MA Ning2(1.Jinzhong Meteorological Bureau,Shanxi Province,Yuci 030600,China;2.Qixian Meteorological Bureau,Qixian 030900)

2009, 30(S2):  215-217. 

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Based on weather documents recorded by the 11 stations of Jinzhong from 1961 to 2007,the climatic changes of the Jinzhong were studied.The results showed that the temperature increased at the rate of 0.34℃ per 10 years and frost-free period increased at the rate of 4.7 days per 10 years,but precipitation decreased at the rate of 35.9mm per 10 years and sunshine hours decreased significantly in 1990s.So the area of food crops decreased but the vegetables and cash crops planting area increased.

Analysis on Leaf Temperature of Single-season Rice on Ear Sprouting to Flowering Period in Tongcheng

CHENG Lin,JIANG Sheng-guo,HAN Zheng-ying,ZHA Xu-guang(Tongcheng Meteorological Bureau,Tongcheng 231400,China)

2009, 30(S2):  218-220. 

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High temperature stress is one of the major disasters in the process of rice growth.By observing and analyzing leaf temperature of single-season rice on ear sprouting to flowering period in Tongcheng Anhui province,factors of impacts on leaf temperature of single-season rice in clear day was found out.Prediction model of leaf-air temperature difference was established.The results could provide a reference to diagnostic analysis the high temperature etress to rice.

Application of Topography and Climate Difference on Fine Regional Planning of Crops Safe Wintering

LI Wen(Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science,Fuzhou 350001,China)

2009, 30(S2):  221-222. 

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Safe wintering was a key for the survival of semi-tropical and tropical fruit trees in Fujian.Therefore,the extreme low temperature came to an indispensable and dominant index in the fine regional planning of crops safe wintering.Effects of topography to extreme low temperature were obvious.In order to make finer regional planning,different characteristics of mountain topography and climate were concluded,division indexes to different aspects and various temperature inversion backgrounds were also identified,based on the research of "Climate characters of Fujian Upland",the research of"Rational use of agroclimatic resources in semi-tropical upland in China",and other relative researches.

Analysis on the Characteristics of Surface Humid Index in Spring in North Xinjiang

FU Wei-dong,YAO Yan-li,CHEN Hong-wu(Xinjiang Climatic Center,Urumqi 830002,China)

2009, 30(S2):  223-226. 

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The surface humid index in Spring were calculated with the monthly precipitation and mean temperature and relative humidity data in spring from 1961 to 2008 of 12 meteorological stations in north Xinjiang.According to index,the inter-annual and interdecadal change characteristics of the surface humid index in spring and its distribution rule were analyzed.The results showed that the surface humid index in spring declines slowly since 1960s,its spatial distribution were meridional.The surface humid index in spring in the west area were greater than that of the east area in north Xinjiang,it showed that the spring drought in the east area were more serious than that of the west area in north Xinjiang.Meantime,the relationship between the surface humid index in spring and precipitation and temperature and air relative humidity were discussed and the spatial distribution of the frequency of the extreme dry/wet events in spring were analyzed in this paper.

Review on Climate Condition on Millet Production in Datong

LI Xiao-zhen1,LU Ju1,WANG Kong-xiang2,LI Zi-long1,LIANG Jin-qiu1 (1.Datong Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province,Datong 037004,China;2.Jiexiu Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province,Jiexiu 032000)

2009, 30(S2):  227-229. 

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The need of climate condition on millet growing in Datong city was analyzed in the period of whole growth season.The impact of fluctuation precipitation on yields during main period of millet growing season was emphatically analyzed.Moreover,the adverse meteorological factors were presented and the technology to get high production and good quality was proposed.Scientific basis was provided to use climate resource reasonably and realize making various grains agriculture which towards the way to high production,good quality,low cost.

Real-time Estimation of Soil Moisture Content Based on Precipitation of Automatic Weather Station

ZHOU Yu1,FENG Ming2 (1.Xiangfan Meteorological Bureau,Xiangfan 441021,China;2.Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074)

2009, 30(S2):  230-232. 

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The concept of soil effective precipitation and soil quasi-evapotranspiration was introduced in this paper.The 9 grades of precipitation were determined according to water efficiency.Models of effective precipitation,ten-day period water change storing soil and soil water evapotranspiration were established.According to the models and index of soil moisture,soil moisture change in real-time was estimated.Further using every day precipitation of automatic weather station,the profit and loss of soil water and the changes of droughts and floods were observed in movement.The results provided a new ideas and methods for using the data of automatic weather station,observing soil moisture and droughts forecast.

Study on the Effect on Growth of Chamaecrista Rotundifolia in Low Temperature

WENG Bo-qi,XU Guo-zhong,WANG Yi-xiang,JIANG Fu-ying(Agricultural Ecology Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center forHilly Prataculture,Fuzhou 350013,China)

2009, 30(S2):  233-234. 

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In order to study the growth change under the meteorological condition of low temperature,we focused on the case study of low temperature,which were controlled at 5℃,10℃,15℃ and 25℃(CK),with chamaecrista rotundifolia.The results indicated that the growth rate of chamaecrista rotundifolia decreased in low temperature,and the plant height,root length,dry mater weight of shoot,root weight,total biomasses,root-top ratio and root activity also obviously decreased in low temperature.

Impacts of Light-temperature Factors during Maturity Fruit Setting on Tomato Processing Quality in Xinjiang

GUO Jin-qiang1,WANG Xiao-juan2,WEI Chang-zhou2,PENG Qin-yu1,LEI Wei1,YANG Ju-fang1(1.Meteorological Bureau of Shihhotze,Shihhotze 832003,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;2.Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan,Shihhotze University,Shihhotze 832003)

2009, 30(S2):  235-237. 

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The content of stage planting tomato in three different places of Wulanwusu,Paotai and Shawan were determined based on the indexes of soluble sugar,vitamin c,soluble solid,lycopene and organic acid.By collecting the relevant meteorological data,the impacts light-temperature factors of maturity fruit setting on quality of processing tomato in Xinjiang were studied through path analysis and correlation analysis.The results showed that all meteorological factors had effect on processing tomato fruit quality except sunlight time and relative humidity.Total effective temperature accumulation above 15℃ and daily mean temperature showed more effects on lycopence,maximum temperature and daily mean temperature had the more direct effect on soluble solid content,daily mean temperature and temperature accumulation above 15℃ had the more direct effect on vitamin c.minimum temperature and daily temperature difference had the more direct effect on soluble sugar content,minimum temperature,daily temperature difference and maximum temperature had the more direct effect on organic acid.

Spatial Distribution of Beginning Date of 10℃ and Latest Frost and Their Impacts on the Cotton's Seeding Time in Xinjiang

LI Ying-chun,CAO Zhan-zhou,MAO Wei-yi(Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China)

2009, 30(S2):  238-240. 

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Based on the data of the daily mean and minimum temperature from 22 meteorological stations during the period of 1961-2007 in Xinjiang cotton area,the spatial distribution of beginning data of 10℃and the latest frost were analyzed.The results showed that the earliest beginning date of 10℃ and latest frost were in Turpan,followed by in southern Xinjiang,delayed from west to east in Tarim Basin,and latest in northern Xinjiang and Hami.There was significant linear correlation between the beginning data of 10℃ and the latest frost in the most of cotton's area.The latest frost period was earlier than the beginning data of 10℃ in the northern Xinjiang cotton area,Turpan cotton area and the most of southern Xinjiang cotton area.The latest frost period was after the beginning data of 10℃ only in Hami,Qiemo and Minfeng.Compared with the latest frost period,the change of beginning data of 10℃ was more stable in the northern and eastern Xinjiang cotton area,while the situation was the opposite in the southern Xinjiang cotton area.If the beginning data of 10℃ was taken as the index for the cotton's seeding date,the cotton could be at greater risk of frost in Hami cotton area.Therefore,the cotton's seeding time should be delayed 10 days after the beginning data of 10℃.There was definite risk in the south-eastern Tarim Basin cotton area.However,it was appropriate in the most of cotton area in Xinjiang and the cotton's seeding time was in the beginning or before the data of 10℃.The result was of great significance to get meteorological service indexes about cotton's seeding time and to improve the meteorological service of cotton.

Features of 2007/2008 Wheat Production in Heilonggang Area and Analysis of Climate Condition

WANG Jian-heng1,MA Jun-yong2,CAO Cai-yun2,LI Ke-jiang2,ZHENG Chun-lian2,ZHANG Shen-hao3(1.Hengshui Meteorological Bureau,Hengshui 053000,China;2.Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture andForestry Sciences,Hengshui 053000;3.Dept of Horticulture & Garden,HNUST,Qinhuangdao 066600)

2009, 30(S2):  241-245. 

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Heilonggang Area was an important wheat production region in Hebei province,but characterized with serious water shortage,thus the water-saving and high-yielding technique was quite essential.During the 2007/2008 wheat production year,some special features for wheat production appeared,and the case was that delayed sowing date did not lead to yield lost,moreover,at a very low ET(328.1mm),a high yield of 7155.9 kg/ha and a high WUE of 2.18 kg/m3 were realized.The reason for the case was analyzed by measures of irrigation experiment combined with comparison of historical climate data.The result showed that the special features of the case were mainly attributed to the following weather factors.1) suitable temperature pattern: that during reviving,lodging and booting periods the temperature were higher and the accumulated temperature were 147.3℃ and 58.9℃ higher than that of historical and 2000 later that benefited the late sowing wheat growth;while the lower temperature at kennel filling period,the accumulated temperature 26.7℃ lower than that of 2000 later,which was good for kennel filling.2) suitable rainfall distribution: the rainfall distribution i.e less before booting stage but much more during booting and kennel filling stage than normal played a main role for the case instead of the amount,which was only 20mm greater than normal year.3) suitable sunlight distribution: that at reviving stage the accumulated sunlight hour was 15hours longer than normal,which was good for late sowing wheat reviving and development,and during May,the kennel filling stage,the accumulated sunshine was 25 hours longer than normal,which was conductive to the kennel filling.It was the comprehensive effects of the above weather factors that lead to the result of high yielding and high WUE.The result was well implied for study on water-saving and high-yielding wheat cultivation technique in the future.

Relations of Surface Dryness/Wetness Distribution Characteristic and the Ecological Environment in Aershan

YANG Zhong-xia,FAN Hong-gang,LI Zhen-hai(Xinganmeng Aershan Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia,Aershan 137800,China)

2009, 30(S2):  246-250. 

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It is important that the analysis of the potential evapotranspiration and surface dry/humid index,which helps analyzing the surface water resources quantity and drought events.In the paper,the basic meteorological observation data of recent 37 years in Aershan Meteorological Bureau were used for analyzing the variations of the surface potential evapotranspiration characteristics and the humid index.The result indicated that: ① caused by the global warming influence,the annual average surface potential evapotranspiration had continuously been in an increase trend since 1980s in Aershan.② because the precipitation decreased and the potential evapotranspiration increased,the humid index had suddenly been in a decrease trend since the 21st century,the annual average humid index jump and the precipitation jump was consistent,the annual potential evapotranspiration change was consistent with the temperature change.③ the humid index analyses showed that it was driest in autumn and spring,and apt to have the drought events,the next was in summer and winter.④ from the trend analysis of the humid index(K),potential evapotranspiration(Eti),annual precipitation(R),annual mean temperature(T),the climate arid gets the aggravation tendency in Aershan,the precipitation get the concentration trend,stage arid was an aggravation and in an increase trend,thus would cause the ecological environment to have the worse trend in Aershan.

Impacts of Climate Warming on Peony Florescence in Heze and Prediction Model for Florescence

ZHANG Cui-ying,WANG Ying,HUANG Yu-fang,LI Rui-ying,JING An-hua(Heze Meteorological Bureau,Shandong Province,Heze 274000,China)

2009, 30(S2):  251-253. 

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By analyzing the relationship between the peony first flowering date and meteorological data from 1964 to 2008 in Heze,the results showed that peony first flowering date was negatively correlated with the temperature before flowering,but it was not significant to precipitation and sunshine duration.Moreover,the peony first flowering date was obviously advanced in recent 25 years.Through selecting several optimal meteorological factors that influenced peony first flowering date,a long-term and short-term meteorological prediction model for peony first flowering date was made by using the DPS data processing system.With this model,test predictions in history and in the year of 2007 and 2008 were good.This result could provide a reference to predicting the optimum time of ornamental peonies in Heze.

Climate Suitability and Regionalization of Sugar Cane Cultivation in Hainan

LIU Jian-bo1,PENG Yi1,CHEN Qiu-bo2(1.Environment and Plant Protection School,Hainan University,Danzhou 571737,China;2.Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Danzhou 571737)

2009, 30(S2):  254-256. 

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By using 35 years data of 14 weather stations from 1971 to 2005 in Hainan and contrasting with main climatic index and climate condition for sugar cane cultivation and growth,hydrothermal condition of different region was analyzed in Hainan.Meanwhile,climate suitability was appraised.The results showed that the meteorological factors had little difference,and precipitation was the key factor for sugar cane cultivation.All regions were suitable to sugar cane planting except Dongfang city for precipitation<1000mm.Baisha,Qiongzhong,Dunchang,Wanning,Qionghai,Danzhou were the best regions,as the others were better regions.

Analysis of Main Meteorological Restricting Factors for Potato Production in Western Guizhou Province

CHI Zai-xiang1,ZHANG Pu-yu1,ZHANG Yan-mei1,XIAO Jun2,LU Yao2,WANG Guan-ping3(1.Meteorological Bureau of Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province,Liupanshui 553001,China;2.Agricultural Bureau of Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province,Liupanshui 553001;3.Meteorological Bureau of Shuicheng of Guizhou Province,Shuicheng 553000)

2009, 30(S2):  257-259. 

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Based on the meteorological observation data in thirteen meteorological stations from 1978 to 2008 in the Western Guizhou,the main meteorological restricting factors which influenced potato production and their effects to the development of potato farming were analyzed.It was found that the potato yield would reduce significantly when the total precipitation amount of March and April was less than 55 mm or more than 140 mm,the frequency of potato yield reducing occurrence 75%.When the total precipitation amount from May to July was less than 500 mm or more than 800 mm,88.9% of reducing frequency occurred.When sunshine hours in June was less than 80 hours or when the precipitation amount was less than 150 mm or more than 350mm,the frequency of potato yield reducing occurrence both 100%.

Survey of Agroclimatological Resources in Wenzhou

HOU Qiu-feng1,JI Hai-bin2,YANG Lin-yan1,MIAO Zhi-hua1,ZHANG Ai-hua1(1.Wencheng Meteorological Bureau,Wencheng 325027,Zhejiang Province,China;2.Yongjia Meteorological Bureau,Yongjia 325100)

2009, 30(S2):  260-263. 

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Based on the analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the temperature,water,sunshine time in Wenzhou and the relationship with the growth and development of crops,it was obtained that the agricultural climate resources were rich and varied in Wenzhou.The active cumulative temperature were 4911.9-5742.5℃,and the annual rainfall was 1320-2030 mm.The rainfall mainly occurred in March to September(about 75% to 83% of annual rainfall),and increased as the increase of elevation.The annual sunshine time was 1622-1886 hours.The result could be helpful to local government and peasants to adjust the industrial structure and develop modern efficient agriculture using local climate resource.

Analysis of Climate Change Character for Last 50 Years in Binhai Count

KUAI Jun1,SHANG Zhao-tang2,SHAN Chan2,ZHOU Hui2,WANG Xong1,CHENG Yu-wen2(1.Binhai Count Meteorological Bureau,Binhai 224500,Jiangsu Provincial China;2.Jiangsu Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Nanjing 210009)

2009, 30(S2):  264-267. 

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Based on the analysis of mean daily,maximum and minimum temperature,precipitation and sunshine in Binhai county,the characteristics of interannual variation and seasonal variation was studied.The annual mean,maximum and minimum temperature was increased gradually,especially for the last 10 years,and the rank of the increased rate was winter>spring>autumn>summer.The annual precipitation decreaed gradully at a rate of about 16.6mm per 10 years.However the precipitation in summer and winter showed an increasing trend,and that of spring and autumn showed a decreasing trend.For the last 10 years,the increase rate of summer precipitation was obvious,and winter precipitation changed from increasing to decreasing,the spring and autumn precipitation changed from decreasing to increasing.The sunshine decreased obviously since 1990s.

Analysis of Characteristics and the Future Trend of Climate Change in Heze over the Last 48 Years

LI Rui-ying,ZHANG Cui-ying,LIU Ji-min(Meteorological Bureau of Heze City,Heze 274000,China)

2009, 30(S2):  268-270. 

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By using linear and Rescaled Range Analysis(R/S) method,the change characteristic and the future trends of the annual average temperature,the annual sunshine duration and the annual precipitation were analyzed in Heze from 1961 to 2008.The results showed that the temperature increased in the last 48 years at a rate of 0.17℃ per ten years,while the Hurst index was 0.77 which indicated that the temperature would rise continuously in the future.The annual sunshine duration decreased at a rate of 127.46 hours per ten years,while the Hurst index was 0.95 which indicated that the sunshine duration would decrease continuously in the future.The annual precipitation showed no obvious change,while the Hurst index was 0.595 which indicated that the trend was great random and would change or remain stable in the future.

Parameters Auto Calibration with Modified SWAT Model

BAI Wei1,LIU Guo-qiang1,DONG Yi-wei1,XU Juan1,LEI Xiao-hui2(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment & Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;2.China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100044)

2009, 30(S2):  271-275. 

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LH-OAT analysis module and SCE-UA auto calibration module have been added to SWAT 2005.During the process of parameter sensitivity analysis and calibration,the computing time increases with the number of subbasins.For a watershed with an area of 16800 km2,subbasins of 138 for Beijing,the time is about 1 minute for a 5 yeas simulation of SWAT model.Because the parameters auto calibration program of SWAT model tries many times of different parameters,the model was rerun about 5000 times for 10 parameters used in Beijing,which will cost about 4 days.If any mistake occurs in this process,it will need to redo the calibration work.Therefore this calibration method is ill-suited and unacceptable for large basins.An idea is put forwarded and realized in the paper,that is we can only simulation some subbasins,such as the only subbasins flow to target hydro station.Then with only simulation of these several subbasins,the time used for parameters auto calibration will be greatly reduced.With this method applied in parameter calibration in Beijing Swat model,it takes no more than 30 minutes to calibrate the five years' day runoff of Qianxinzhuang hydro station and the results are preferably.The calibration of runoff process for a number of hydro stations in distributed hydrological model can be rapidly done through the generalization of this method.

Establishment and Application the Comprehensive Assessment System of Climate Resources of Winter Wheat Based on AHP Method

GONG Yu1,2,WANG Pu3,ZHENG Yan-Ping1,GAO Gui-Qin1(1.Tangshan Meteorological Bureau,Tangshan 063000,China;2.Laboratory of Meteorological and Ecology Environment,Shijiazhuang 050021;3.The College Of Agronomy And Biotechnology,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100193)

2009, 30(S2):  276-280. 

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It is significant of the weather resources comprehensive assessment for winter wheat introduction and suitability evaluation.This paper establishes the indexes and system of winter wheat weather resources comprehensive assessment,which is based on Hierarchy Analyzing Process and realizes the changes from the qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation.And the method was applied in Tang Shan city.The comprehensive wheat weather resources is a relative bad(G=2.71),because of the lack of precipitation resources(G=1.0) in winter wheat midseason and the lower soil humidity index(G=1.92),however the heat resource(G=3.61),wind speed and sunshine resource(G=3.47) is relative high.

Analysis of the Variations and Influencing Factors of Area in Dongting Lake Based on Remote Sensing Satellite

LIU Ke-qun1,LIANG Yi-tong1,HUANG Jing1,LIU Zhi-xiong1,QIU Ai-wu2(1.Wuhan Regional Climate Centre,Wuhan 430074,China;2.Hubei Meterology Information Service Centers,Wuhan 430074)

2009, 30(S2):  281-284. 

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The water area in Dongting Lake is an important basis for studying on wetland ecosystem and flood regulation.To explore the trends and influencing factors of water area in Dongting Lake,the water area in Dongting Lake in different periods had been identified using EOS-MODIS data from 2001 to 2007,and the correlation between the change of water area in Dongting Lake,the water level in Chenglingji and the area-rainfall were analysed.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the water area in Dongting Lake and the water level in Chenglingji,especially in the second half year;the water area in Dongting Lake is correlated to the antecedent area-rainfall of the Dongting Lake,and the change of water area is sensitive to area-rainfall in some past period and has well correlation with the rainfall of more than 100 days time scale;the water area in Dongting Lake has seasonal variation,which is 1200～2600 km2 in summer and 500～800 km2 in winter,and the area in summer is 2～5 times than that in winter;the water area decreased year by year,especially in winter,and the water area in Dongting Lake decreased 16.0 km2 each year on the same water level.

Enhance the Cooperation of Agrometeorological Research and Service and Improve the Ability of Meteorological Service to Agriculture

LIU Ling1,LIU Wen-quan2(1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081)

2009, 30(S2):  285-289. 

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In the new era,meteorological service is facing a big challenge,especially agrometeoroligical service.As an important part of meteorological service,it is necessary to discuss that how to further enhance the cooperation of agrometeorological research and service in order to improve the ability of meteorological service to agriculture.Based on the review the development road of agrometeorological research and service in the past and the trend of the near future,this paper give some advice on enhancing the cooperation of agrometeorological research and service.

Forecast of Occurrence Quantity of Masson Pine Caterpillar(Demdrolimus punctatus Walker) based on GA-BP Mixed Model of Neural Network

ZHU Shou-yan1,CHEN Hui-hua2,LUO Jia-jin1(1.Meteorological Bureau of Xianju County,Xianju 317300,China;2.Forest Bureau of Xianju County,Xianju 317300)

2009, 30(S2):  290-294. 

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In order to overcome the shortcoming of BP neural network,which was easily sinking into partial smallest value,the Genetic Algorithm(GA) was combined with the BP neural network.A new algorithm,the GA-BP mixed model of trained neural network was applied to forecast the occurrences quantity of Masson Pine Caterpillar(Demdrolimus punctatus Walker).The results showed that the model had a satisfied fitting and forecast precision.

Research on the Effect of Input on Yield and Economic Benefits of Super Rice——Based on the Investigation of the 568 Households Which Belonged to Ten Counties in Two Southward Province and One Northward Province

CHEN Qing-gen(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

2009, 30(S2):  295-300. 

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After the investigation on the input and output of four varieties of super rice in 2001 and 2007 from 568 households which belonged to ten counties in two southward province and one northward province,this author analyzed the economic benefits of super rice,and studied the effect of input on yield of super rice.The results of the research were showed as follows: as far as the varieties of super rice were concerned,when the rice acreage increased 10 percents,the rice yields would increase 17.2 percents to 19.1 percents;When the effective content of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer increased 10 percents,the rice yields would increase 6.78 percents and 4.95 percents.The input of potassium fertilizer had visibly improved in past six years,but the effect of increasing labor input on the increasing yield was not distinct,and so on.So we should pay attention to the input of fertilizer.Finally,this article put forward some suggestions to extend the varieties of super rice and accelerate the intensification and specialization and mechanization of super rice production.

Autocalibration in Hydrologic Modeling at Watershed Scale:Using SWAT2005 in River Xiangxi

XU Hong-mei(National Climate Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(S2):  301-306. 

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Due to the spatial heterogeneity in watershed and the complexity of hydrologic processes,calibration can become difficult.Compared with manual calibration,autocalibration could increase the efficiency of calibration process and improve the objectivity and creditability of the calibrated results.SWAT(Soil-Water-Assessment-Tool) is a physically based model at watershed scale.An autocalibration-sensitivity analysis procedure was embedded in SWAT version 2005(SWAT2005) to optimize model parameters.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the autocalibration-sensitivity analysis procedure in a meso-scale watershed River xiangxi,the largest tributary of Yangtze River in Hubei part of Three Gorges Reservoir.The calibration period and validation period were 1970-1974 and 1976-1986,respectively.The sensitivity rank of pre-define parameters by SWAT2005 were obtained based on observed monthly flow for 5-year calibration period at Xiangshan gauging station.The parameters of CN2,CANMX,CH_K2,ESCO,SURLAG,BIOMIX and ALPHA_BF were selected for autocalibration.Monthly discharge was simulated based on the optimal parameter sets for both calibration and validation periods,and compared with observed values for effectiveness evaluation.The results showed that slight difference exist between the mean and standard deviation for monthly discharge during calibration and validation period.The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(Ens) was 0.70 and 0.77,and the coefficient of determination(R2) was both all 0.80 during calibration and validation period.Overall,the autocalibration-sensitivity analysis procedure in SWAT2005 was useful as evidenced by statistical measure in discharge simulation in River Xiangxi,and could be used for other watershed for hydrologic modeling.

An Assessment on Agricultural Flood Disaster in Hunan

XIE Bai-cheng,LUO Bo-Liang,SHUAI Xi-qiang,YIN Ming(Institute of Meteorology Science of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China)

2009, 30(S2):  307-309. 

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By using the ratio of disaster-affected area,the ratio of disaster-suffering area,precipitation variability,fragile degrees,calamity loss rate,the temporal and spatial distributional characteristics of the agricultural risk of flood in Hunan province were evaluated.The results showed that the flood region had transferred from south to north in Hunan,and risk probability had a serious tendency.Based on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the agricultural risk degree of flood,some measures of disaster prevention and mitigation were proposed to provide a reference to avoiding or abating the influence of flood.

Three Kind of Meteorological Drought Classification Method Comparison and Improvement

LI Long1,XU Ling-ling2,FANG Jun3(1.Meteorological Bureau of Xuancheng City,Xuancheng 242000,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of JingxianCounty,Jingxian 242500;3.Meteorological Bureau of Ningguo City,Ningguo 242300)

2009, 30(S2):  310-312. 

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In this paper,it was shown that it would be underestimate the actual drought situation with the soil moisture method;and more and serious with the precipitation anomalous percentage,more and slight with the continuous clear day number might be obtained according to the service stipulated when we assessed the local drought situation.The author proposed one kind of improvement method in the regression synthesis equation with the classification of soil moisture and the precipitation anomalous percentage.It was close the actual drought situation.

How the Weather Provide Services for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Modern Agriculture

HAO Dong-min,SUI Yan,REN Guang-zhi,QU Ying-le(Shandong Meteorological Science and Technology Service Center,Jinan 250031,China)

2009, 30(S2):  313-315. 

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Traditional agriculture has gradually transited to a new pattern of modern style integrating industry into agriculture.Modern agriculture is the production of market economic which has developed to a higher stage,and plays important role to the strategic development of new modern agriculture.It has been affected significantly by weather disasters more frequently.Some guidance and methods is provided on how to transit and renovate the concept of agro-meteorological services and content,furthermore to develop and elaborate the meteorological services items in order to provide more suitable meteorological products and improve the effectiveness of modern agriculture and the capacity of disaster mitigation and prevention.

Space-time Distribution of Heat Injury on Rice in Hubei Province under Climate Change

WAN Su-qin1,CHEN Chen2,LIU Zhi-xiong1,ZHOU Yue-hua1,DENG Huan1,GAO Su-hua3(1.Wuhan Regional Climate Centre,Wuhan 430074,China;2.Yichang Meteorological Administration of Hubei Province,Yichang 443000;3.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beiijing 10081)

2009, 30(S2):  316-319. 

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In this paper,spatial-temporal variation characteristics of heat injury on early rice and mid-season rice during booting-milky stage was analyzed using agricultural data including meteorology,rice production and agro-meteorology from 1961 to 2005 in Hubei province.The obtained conclusions were as followed: ① Heat injury on mid-season rice and early rice occurred most seriously in 1960s,the second from 2000 to 2005,respectively,similarly,the third in 1970s and the slightest in 1980s.Additionally,it became more and more serious at the beginning of the 21st century;② There were more days when heat injury took place in the east than in the west,in the south than in the north for mid-season rice,but for early rice,gradually decreased from west to east;③For mid-season rice,there were more than 20% of total years when heat injury appeared and led to more than 3% yield reduction in the east and the north-west hillock of Hubei province,10%-20% in the east of south-west,most part of the north-west,the north-east of Hubei province and Jianghan Plain.For early rice,there were more than 15% of total years when it did and led to more than 3% yield reduction in the east of Hubei province and Jianghan Plain.

Analysis of the Origin of Drought in Wheat Over-wintering Stage in Dezhou

WU Ze-xin1,2,ZHENG Guang-hui 3,ZHANG Rong-xia4(1.Shandong Institute of Meteorological Science,Jinan 250031,China;2.Dezhou Meteorological Office,Dezhou 253078;3.Dezhou Agricultural Office,Dezhou 253078;4.Liaocheng Meteorological Office,Liaocheng 371500)

2009, 30(S2):  320-323. 

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There was serious drought in Dezhou in 2008/2009,however the precipitation of 2008/2009 was less than the average level from wheat seeding to the beginning of wheat over-wintering,and slightly more than the average level in wheat over-wintering stage.In this paper,the reasons of drought were found based on the comprehensive analysis of the meteorological data and the information about disaster and wheat seedling.The result showed that the lack of precipitation was the direct reason of drought,and that warming temperature and rapid cold in warm winter and improper measures of agricultural production led to an increase in the severity of drought.The analysis of the reason of drought helps improving the measures of agricultural production,and the capability of agricultural to withstand natural disasters could be improved.

Research on Sensitivity of Rice to Chilling Injury in Summer in Hubei Province

YANG Ai-ping1,FENG Ming2,LIU An-guo1(1.College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;2.Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Hubei Meteorological Bureau,Wuhan 430074)

2009, 30(S2):  324-327. 

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As a consequence of global warming,chilling injury in summer is becoming one of the main weather disasters of rice crop in Hubei Province.Based on the data of the meteorology and the yield of the rice from 1981 to 2006,the spatial distribution characteristics of the rice sensitivity of chilling injury in summer were analyzed by using ArcGIS technique and SAS system.The result showed that the rice sensitivity of the cold summer in Hubei was complex and variable.The sensitivity in the areas such as the north-western and the eastern parts of Hubei,where the intensity of disaster was enhancing obviously and the frequency was increasing significantly in recent years,was stronger than the areas such as the south-western and Jianghan Plain where the changing of the intensity and the frequency of the disaster were small.Therefore,rice production in the north-western and the eastern parts of Hubei was apt to be affected adversely by the disaster of the equalty intensity.

Analysis and Prediction of Weather Condition of Loxoszege stictialis Occurrence in Hetao

YANG Song1,QIN Xiao-yan2,LU Shu-Xian3,LIU Jun-lin1,ZHAO Yan4,LI Ai-lan5(1.Bayannaoer Meteorological Bureau,Linhe 015000,China;2.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linhe,Linhe 015000;3.Shanxi Academy of Meteorological Institute,Taiyuan 030002;4.Wuyuan MeteorologicalBureau,Wuyuan 015400;5.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Wuyuan,Wuyuan 015400)

2009, 30(S2):  328-331. 

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Making use of a correlation calculation and contrast analysis according to 1984-2005 loxoszege stictialis occurrence development and same period weather data,the weather condition when loxoszege stictialis occurrence were obtained.The results showed that: loxoszege stictialis was found after April,and mainly in May,continuous two ten days in spring when average lowest air temperature was higher than 8℃.After loxoszege stictialis appear,temperature also had some affect on the development of the loxoszege stictialis.When daily mean temperature was lower than 23℃,the higher temperature would benefit the development of pests,when daily mean temperature was higher than 23℃,the higher temperature would refrain the development of loxoszege stictialis.Since mid-July,precipitation would limit the development of loxoszege stictialis,more precipitation would greatly delay the boom of loxoszege stictialis.Evaporation showed some refrains to the development of the sunflower loxoszege stictialis.The forecasting model was build up by using the weather data and observed data of the occurrence and development on the loxoszege stictialis.

The Climate Reasons for 2008/2009 Autumn-winter Successive Drought in the Area of Changzhi as well as the Way to Deal with it in Agriculture

ZHANG Hong-ying1,GUO Chun-sheng2,YANG Jian-min1,YIN Zhen-bao1,SHI Yun-fei3(1.Changzhi Meteorological Station,Changzhi 046000,Shanxi,China;2.Pingshun Meteorological Station,Pingshun 047400;3.Qingxu Meteorological Station,Qingxu 030400)

2009, 30(S2):  332-336. 

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Based on the analysis of the 500hPa geopotential altitude field and the anomalous field of the northern hemisphere between Nov.of 2008 and Jan.of 2009,it was found that the main reason for long-term shortage of rainfall in the city of Changzhi was that the sub high tension was stronger than usual above the west Percific Ocean,the line of regression slanting towards north and its location moving east off the usual in the same period,and the moisture transferred from the southwest sub high tension to the overhead of the city,unusually deficient.In addition,the continuously lasting unusual environment resulted in the successively serious drought.A detailed analysis of the influence on agriculture by drought in autumn and winter was given in this paper and a proposal was also put forwarded.