受涝早稻割穗留桩蓄留再生稻的生物学特性及救灾效益

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以抽穗期受涝杂交早稻（陵两优211）和常规早稻（中早39）割穗留桩苗为研究对象，未割穗处理为对照，2016年在湖南株洲开展田间试验，测定受涝早稻割穗留桩（20cm）蓄留再生稻的生物学指标，并计算其救灾效益，以期为湖南洪涝灾害后早稻的救灾减灾提供科学依据。结果表明：陵两优211割穗蓄留再生稻的产量较中早39割穗处理增加6.4%，陵两优211及中早39割穗处理的实际产量较未割穗处理分别极显著（P＜0.01）增加115.4%、125.0%，其稻米外观品质及加工品质也显著优于未割穗处理（P＜0.05）；割穗留桩处理再生稻齐穗期的作物生长率、净同化率、SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率均显著大于未割穗处理（P＜0.05），成熟期叶片正常褪色，割穗留桩处理再生稻生育期显著短于未割穗处理（P＜0.05）；割穗留桩处理与不割穗对照处理相比，其投入产出比增加117.1%，经济亏损降低57.3%。可见，受涝早稻割穗留桩蓄留再生稻的经济产量较高，损失降低，救灾效益显著，可在洪涝多灾区推广应用。

关键词: 早稻, 洪涝, 再生稻, 救灾效益, 产量, 稻米品质, 生物学特性

Abstract: In order to provide some scientific basis for disaster relief of early rice after flood disaster in Hunan province, the biological characteristics and relief benefits of early rice of ratooning rice after flood disaster were studied by cutting panicles (20cm) in Zhuzhou country in 2016. The experiment by using the Lingliangyou 211 of hybrid early rice and Zhongzao 39 of conventional early rice as materials, and set cutting panicles as treatment at heading stage, by using the uncutting panicles as control. The results showed that the grain yield of Lingliangyou 211 with cutting panicles was 6.4% higher than that of the Zhongzao 39, the grain yield of Lingliangyou 211 with cutting panicles increased significantly (P<0.01) by 115.4% and 125.0% compared with the control, respectively. And the rice appearance quality and processing quality of cutting panicles treatments was better significantly (P<0.05) than that of the control. Ratooning rice by cutting panicles treatments appeared the crop growth rate of plant, net assimilation rate of leaves, SPAD value of leaves, net photosynthetic rate of leaves, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves were greater with cutting panicles treatments than that of the control at full heading stage, and the leaf with cutting panicles treatments showed normal discoloration at maturity stage. Meanwhile, the growth period of rice with cutting panicles treatments was shorter than that of the control. The input and output ratio of rice with cutting panicles treatment increased 117.1% and economic reduced 57.3% compared with the control. Therefore, it was had higher economic yield, lower farmers loss and significant disaster relief benefits by cutting panicles after flood disaster, which was suitable for popularization and application in Hunan province flood prone areas.

Key words: Early rice, Flood, Ratooning rice, Relief benefits, Yield, Rice quality, Biological Characteristics

李超，肖小平，汤文光，唐海明，汪柯，程凯凯，郭立君，杨光立. 受涝早稻割穗留桩蓄留再生稻的生物学特性及救灾效益[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(07): 447-455.

LI Chao, XIAO Xiao-ping, TANG Wen-guang, TANG Hai-ming, WANG Ke, CHENG Kai-kai,. Biological Characteristics and Relief Benefits of Early Rice of Ratooning Rice after Flood Disaster by Cutting Panicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(07): 447-455.

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