孕穗?灌浆期低温对三江平原主栽水稻品种品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.11.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以三江平原主栽水稻品种龙粳29、龙粳31和龙粳46为材料，在水稻孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期利用人工气候箱以日平均气温16℃低温水平，对盆栽水稻处理5d，以正常栽培管理的试验材料为对照，分析不同发育时期，低温胁迫对3个水稻主栽品种产量构成因素、碾磨品质、营养品质和RVA谱特征参数的影响。结果表明：孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期低温处理后水稻的结实率、千粒重、糙米率、精米率、整精米率以及食味评分均降低，且与对照相比呈显著差异（P＜0.05）；低温处理后稻米蛋白质含量显著升高，直链淀粉含量在孕穗期和抽穗期显著降低，灌浆期逐渐增加，灌浆末期高于对照；RVA谱特征参数因品种差异与对照相比有增有减，但均呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）。孕穗期低温胁迫对水稻产量、研磨品质和营养品质影响最大，灌浆期低温胁迫对水稻RVA谱特征参数影响最大，且3个品种间存在明显差异（P＜0.05）。低温胁迫下龙粳46的产量构成因素与对照相比，除孕穗期千粒重外其余差异均不显著，表现出较强的耐冷性，龙粳29研磨品质和营养品质，龙粳46的RVA谱特征参数受低温影响最小。三江平原水稻生产栽培、抗性育种和气候品质认证要综合考虑主栽品种的品质指标，在孕穗?灌浆期采取相应的米质调优栽培措施，根据气候变化科学客观地对稻米进行气候品质认证。

关键词: 水稻, 三江平原, 孕穗?灌浆期, 低温胁迫, 稻米品质

Abstract: Three main rice cultivars in Sanjiang Plain Longjing 29, Longjing31 and Longjing46 were selected and simulated low temperature stress at 16℃ by manual climatic box for 5 days to investigate the effect of rice cold tolerance at the booting, heading and filling stages on the yield components, milling quality, nutritional quality and RVA profile characteristics. The results showed that the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, brown rice rate, polished rice rate, whole milled rice rate and taste score of rice decreased and there was a significant difference compared with the control treatment after being treated by low temperature treatment during the booting stage, heading stage and filling stage (P < 0.05). The protein content increased significantly, and the amylose content decreased significantly at the booting and heading stage, and gradually increased during the filling stage. The final stage of filling was higher than the control treatment.The RVA profile characteristics increased or decreased compared with the control treatment due to the differences in varieties, but they both presented significant differences (P < 0.05). The low temperature stress had the greatest impact on rice yield, grinding quality and nutrient quality at booting stage, while the impact of low temperature stress to RVA profile characteristics was the greatest at filling stage, and there were significant differences among the three varieties (P < 0.05). Under low temperature stress, compared with the yield component of Longjing 46 were no significant difference except the 1000-grain weight compared with the CK at booting stage. Longjing 46 showed strong tolerance to low temperature. Low temperature had the least impact on the grinding quality and nutrient quality of Longjing 29 and RVA profile characteristics of Longjing 46. Rice production and cultivation, resistance breeding and certification of climate quality of rice in Sanjiang plain should comprehensively consider the quality indexes of main varieties, adopt appropriate measures of rice quality optimization cultivation during the period of booting-filling stage, and conduct climatic quality certification for rice according to the science of climate change.

Key words: Rice, Sanjiang plain, Booting-filling stages, Low temperature stress, Rice quality

褚春燕，王锦冬，程远，张宇，孙桂玉. 孕穗?灌浆期低温对三江平原主栽水稻品种品质的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(11): 751-761.

CHU Chun-yan,WANG Jin-dong,CHENG Yuan, ZHANG Yu, SUN Gui-yu. Effect of Low Temperature Treatment in Booting and Filling Stage on Yield Components and Quality of Main Rice Cultivars in Sanjiang Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(11): 751-761.

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