不同品种葡萄叶片光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应及旱后恢复过程

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以设施葡萄品种“巨峰”和“夏黑”为试材，设置5个不同的干旱胁迫组：T1（干旱胁迫3d），T2（干旱胁迫6d），T3（干旱胁迫9d），T4（干旱胁迫12d）和T5（干旱胁迫15d），以正常水分处理组为CK（土壤相对含水率70%～80%），研究干旱胁迫下葡萄叶片的光合荧光参数变化，以及不同程度干旱胁迫后水分恢复处理下的叶片恢复情况。结果表明：干旱可降低葡萄叶片的光合参数和荧光参数，且巨峰的变化幅度大于夏黑。在15d的干旱胁迫中，巨峰的光合参数下降70%～90%，夏黑下降60%～80%；葡萄叶片的荧光参数中，F0随着干旱胁迫的加剧而显著上升，而qP、Fv/Fm、ETR和ΦPSⅡ则随着干旱胁迫加剧而降低。其中巨峰叶片的ΦPSⅡ、qP和ETR在15d的干旱胁迫中分别下降40.63%、43.24%和57.71%，F0上升48.27%。夏黑叶片的ΦPSⅡ、qP和ETR在15d的干旱胁迫中分别下降26.38%、40.00%和59.69%，F0则上升50.19%。葡萄叶片的旱后恢复过程，在胁迫程度较轻时（T1-T4），夏黑叶片的光合参数恢复能力大于巨峰，胁迫程度较重（T5）时则相反；两个葡萄品种荧光参数的恢复程度差异不显著。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 净光合速率, 气孔导度, 蒸腾速率, 荧光参数

Abstract: In order to clarify the change of photosynthesis fluorescent parameters of grape leaves under drought stress, and their recovery under water treatment processing after different degree of drought stresses, taking the facility grape varieties “Kyoho” and “Summer Black” as test materials, authors conducted 5 different drought stress groups: T1 (drought stress 3d), T2 (drought stress 6d), T3 (drought stress 9d), T4 (drought stress 12d) and T5 (drought stress 15d), and taking the normal water treatment group as CK (relative moisture content of soil 70%? 80%). The results showed that the drought stress reduced photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence of grape leaf blades, and the amplitude of variation of Kyoho was larger than that of Summer Black. With 15d drought stress, photosynthetic parameter of Kyoho declined by 70%?90%, and Summer Black declined by 60%?80%. As for the fluorescence parameters in grape leaf blades, F0 increased significantly as the aggravation of drought stress, while qP, Fv/Fm, ETR, ΦPSⅡ decreased. Wherein, the ΦPSⅡ, qP, and ETR of Kyoho declined by 40.63%, 43.24%, and 57.71% respectively, while F0 increased by 48.27% under 15d drought stress. The ΦPSⅡ, qP and ETR of Summer Black declined by 26.38%, 40.00% and 59.69% respectively, while F0 increased by 50.19% under 15d drought stress. In terms of the recovery procedure after drought stress, the photosynthetic parameter recovery capability of Summer Black was greater than that of Kyoho under the comparatively low degree of stress (T1-T4), and the situation was opposite when the stress degree was high (T5). The difference of recovery level of fluorescence parameter in the two varieties was not significant.

Key words: Drought stress, Net photosynthetic rate, Stomatal conductance, Transpiration rate, Fluorescence parameters

朱雨晴，杨再强. 不同品种葡萄叶片光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应及旱后恢复过程[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(11): 739-750.

ZHU Yu-qing, YANG Zai-qiang. Photosynthetic Responses of Different Grape Cultivars to Drought Stress and Their Recovery after Drought[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(11): 739-750.

参考文献

[1] Blum A.Plant breeding for water-limited environments[J].农业科学与技术(Agricultural Science & Technology),2011, 3(12):44-50. [2] Parsons L R,Howe T K.Effects of water stress on the water relations of Phaseolus vulgaris,and the drought resistant Phaseolus acutifolius[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1984,60(2): 197-202. [3] Bartels D,Nelson D.Approaches to improve stress tolerance using molecular genetics[J].Plant Cell & Environment,1994, 17(5):659-667. [4] Ebtedaie M,Shekafandeh A.Antioxidant and carbohydrate changes of two pomegranate cultivars under deficit irrigation stress[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2016, 14(4): e0809. [5] During H.Evidence for osmotic adjustment to drought in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)[J].Vitis,2016,23(1):1-10. [6] Rodrigues M L,Chaves M M,Wendler R,et al.Osmotic adjustment in water stressed grapevine leaves in relation to carbon assimilation[J].Functional Plant Biology,1993,20(3): 309-321. [7] Patakas A,Nikolaou N,Zioziou E,et al.The role of organic solute and ion accumulation in osmotic adjustment in drought-stressed grapevines[J].Plant Science,2002,163(2): 361-367. [8] Sara T,Cornelis van L.Impact of soil texture and water availability on the hydraulic control of plant and grape-berry development[J].Plant and Soil,2013,(1-2):215-230. [9] Hardie W J,Considine J A.Response of grapes to water-deficit stress in particular stages of development[J].American Journal of Enology & Viticulture,1976,27(2):55-61. [10] Gachons C P D,Leeuwen C V,Tominaga T,et al.Influence of water and nitrogen deficit on fruit ripening and aroma potential of Vitis vinifera L cv Sauvignon blanc in field conditions[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2005,85(1):73-85. [11] Maatallah S,Nasri N,Hajlaoui H,et al.Evaluation changing of essential oil of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) under water deficit stress conditions[J].Industrial Crops & Products,2016,91: 170-178. [12] Patakas A,Nortsakis B.Mechanisms involved in diurnal changes of osmotic potential in grapevines under drought conditions[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,1999,154(5-6): 767-774. [13] Delphine L,Julie P,Jan T.Source-sink relations in fruits:effect of nitrogen on fruit growth and composition in sour cherry Stevensbaer[J].European Cytokine Network,2006,17(3):211- 9. [14] Gachons C P D,Leeuwen C V,Tominaga T,et al.Influence of water and nitrogen deficit on fruit ripening and aroma potential of Vitis vinifera L cv Sauvignon blanc in field conditions[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2005,85(1):73-85. [15] 惠竹梅,房玉林,郭玉枝,等.水分胁迫对葡萄幼苗4种主要生理指标的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(3): 146-149. Hui Z M,Fang Y L,Guo Y Z,et al.The effect of water stress on main physiological indexes of wine grape leaf[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2007,25(3):146-149. (in Chinese) [16] 张曼义,杨再强,侯梦媛.水分胁迫下黄瓜叶片光响应过程的模拟[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(10):644-654. Zhang M Y,Yang Z Q,Hou M Y.Simulation of light response of photosynthesis of Cucumis sativus L. leaves under water stress[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(10): 644-654.(in Chinese) [17] 张曼义,杨再强,侯梦媛.土壤水分胁迫对设施黄瓜叶片光合及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(1): 21-30. Zhang M Y,Yang Z Q,Hou M Y.Effects of soil water stress on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme system of cucumber leaves in greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(1):21-30. (in Chinese） [18] Franco J A,Martínezsánchez J J,Fernández J A,et al.Select- ion and nursery production of ornamental plants for lands- caping and xerogardening in semi-arid environments[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology,2006, 81(1):3-17. [19] Zhang J,Jia W,Yang J,et al.Role of ABA in integrating plant responses to drought and salt stresses[J].Field Crops Research,2006,97(1):111-119. [20] 韦继光,曾其龙,姜燕琴,等.水分胁迫及恢复正常水分供应后兔眼蓝浆果生长及光合特性的变化[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(3):77-84. Wei J G,Zeng Q L, Jiang Y Q,et al.Changes in growth and photosynthetic characteristics of rabbiteye blueberry (Vacci- nium ashei Reade) during water stress and recovering normal water supplying[J].Journal of Plant Resources & Environment,2015,24(3):77-84.(in Chinese） [21] Valladares F,Pearcy R W.Drought can be more critical in the shade than in the sun:a field study of carbon gain and photo- inhibition in a Californian shrub during a dry El Ni?o year[J].Plant Cell & Environment,2002, 25(6):749-759. [22] Ann G D F,Sharkey T D.Stomatal conductance and photos- ynthesis[J].Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology,2003, 33(33):317-345. [23] 田琳,谢晓金,包云轩,等.不同生育期水分胁迫对夏玉米叶片光合生理特性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(6): 655-660. Tian L,Xie X J,Bao Y X,et al.Effects of moisture stress on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize leaf during growth stages[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013, 34(6):655-660.(in Chinese） [24] 王晶晶,莫伟平,贾文锁,等.干旱条件下葡萄叶片气孔导度和水势与节位变化的关系[J].中国农业科学,2013,46 (10):2151-2158. Wang J J,Mo W P,Jia W S,et al.The relationship of grape leaf stomatal conductance and water potential with leaf position under drought conditions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013, 46(10):2151-2158.(in Chinese） [25] 王玉国,荆家海,王韶唐.水分胁迫条件下高粱叶片的渗透调节及其对气孔导度和蒸腾速率的影响[J].华北农学报, 1991,6(1):68-73. Wang Y G,Jing J H,Wang S T.The effect of osmotic adjustment in sorghum leaves on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under water stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(Acta Agric Boreali Sin).,1991, 6(1):68-73.(in Chinese） [26] 朱雨晴,杨再强.高温高湿对设施葡萄叶片气孔和光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,(23):94-101. Zhu Y Q,Yang Z Q.Effects of high temperature and high humidity on stomatal and photosynthesis characteristics of grape lea- ves in greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture, 2017, (23):94- 101.(in Chinese） [27] 肯吉古丽?苏力旦,齐曼?尤努斯,马娟,等.干旱胁迫条件下两个葡萄品种光合荧光特性的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2014,(3):191-196. Kengjiguli S,Yunus Q,Ma J,et al.Photosynthetic fluores- cence characteristic parameters of two grape cultivars under different drought stress[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014,(3):191-196.(in Chinese） [28] Marshall J G,Rutledge R G,Blumwald E,et al.Reduction in turgid water volume in jack pine,white spruce and black spruce in response to drought and paclobutrazol[J].Tree Physiology,2000,20(10):701-707. [29] álvarez S,Navarro A,Nicolás E,et al.Transpiration,photos- ynthetic responses,tissue water relations and dry mass partitioning in Callistemon,plants during drought conditions [J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,129(2):306-312. [30] Dorji K,Behboudian M H,Zegbe-Domínguez J A.Water relations,growth,yield,and fruit quality of hot pepper under deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying[J].Scientia Hor- ticulturae,2005,104(2):137-149. [31] Ebtedaie M,Shekafandeh A.Antioxidant and carbohydrate changes of two pomegranate cultivars under deficit irriga- tion stress[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2016, 14(4):e0809.